Legal Limits on Use of Force

As a security guard, you may face situations where you must act fast. But even in high-stress moments, you must stay within legal and company limits when using force. This article gives you the basics to stay safe, stay legal, and stay employed.

What Is Use of Force?

Use of force means any physical action you take to control or stop a person. It can range from guiding someone by the arm to using defensive tactics to stop a threat. Not all force is allowed. You must only use the amount of force that matches the threat—and only if needed.

General Rules to Follow

• Use the least amount of force needed to handle the situation.
• Force must match the threat level. No more, no less.
• You must stop using force once the threat stops.
• Deadly force is almost never allowed. Follow site policy and local law.

Types of Force

Here are common types of force you may use or see on the job:

• Presence: Your uniform and posture can deter problems.
• Verbal commands: Clear, calm directions can resolve many issues.
• Physical control: Guiding someone, blocking their path, or using holds.
• Defensive tactics: Used only when needed to protect yourself or others.

Follow a Use of Force Continuum

Many companies follow a use of force “ladder” or continuum. You start with the lowest level and go up only if needed:

1. Officer presence
2. Verbal commands
3. Soft control (guiding, escorting)
4. Hard control (holds, takedowns)
5. Defensive force (strikes, blocks)
6. Deadly force (only in extreme situations)

Move up only if the lower step fails or doesn’t match the threat.

Shift Checklist

Before and during each shift, run through this checklist:

• ✅ Know your site’s use of force policy
• ✅ Review local laws and updates
• ✅ Check your gear (radio, flashlight, gloves)
• ✅ Know your escape routes and safe zones
• ✅ Stay alert to any threats or changes around you

Scenario: Uncooperative Trespasser

You spot someone sleeping in a restricted area. You ask them to leave. They ignore you. You repeat the request and explain the rules. They curse and refuse. You radio for backup and stay calm. As they get up and move toward you aggressively, you step back, give clear commands, and prepare to use defensive tactics. They stop. You avoid force because it’s no longer needed.

Takeaway: Just because someone is rude or refuses to leave doesn’t mean you can use force. Only act if there’s a threat. Always try to de-escalate first.

Top 3 Questions Guards Ask

1. Can I use force to remove someone from private property?

Maybe. It depends on your site’s policy and local laws. Use verbal commands first. If they refuse and pose a threat, you may use minimal force—but only what’s needed to protect yourself or others.

2. What if someone hits me first?

You can defend yourself using force that matches the threat. Don’t overdo it. Once the threat stops, stop using force. Report the incident right away.

3. Can I carry and use weapons on duty?

Only if your employer allows it and you’re trained. Always follow site policy and local law. Never use a weapon unless you’re trained and legally allowed to do so.

After Any Use of Force

If you use force—even minor—do these right away:

• Call for medical help if anyone is hurt
• Report to your supervisor
• Write a detailed incident report
• Include what led up to it, what was said and done, and how it ended

Be clear, honest, and stick to the facts. Your report may be reviewed by law enforcement or in court.

“Use force only when you must. Use only what’s needed. And stop when the threat stops.”

Action Takeaway

Before each shift, review your site’s use of force rules. Be ready to act—but only with the right level of force. Your safety and your job depend on it. When in doubt, call for backup and document everything.